Easy and Fun February Writing Prompts

February can be a tough month for many students with very few if any days off. Many school districts across the nation do not take Presidents Day off. Following is a list of themes and writing prompts for each day of February. These can be used any way you see fit in your class. They are great as warm-ups or journal entries. February Holidays American Heart MonthBlack History MonthChildrens Dental Health MonthInternational Friendship MonthResponsible Pet Owners Month Writing Prompt Ideas for February February 1 - Theme: National Freedom DayOn this day in 1865, Abraham Lincoln signed the Amendment that would outlaw slavery once it was ratified. If slavery was outlawed with the 13th amendment, why were amendments 14 and 15 needed?February 2 - Theme: Groundhog DayAccording to weather data kept since 1887, the groundhog at Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania has only been accurate 39% of the time. Why do Americans still celebrate this day even though its accuracy is so low?February 3 - Theme: Elmos Birthday (Sesame Street Character)What was your favorite television program as a small child? Which characters do you remember most? Why?February 4 - Theme: Rosa Parks BirthdayPretend you were Rosa Parks in 1955. What would you have felt like as you decided not to give up your seat to a white man?February 5 - Theme: National Weatherpersons DayMeteorology is the study of the atmosphere, especially as it relates to the weather. Do you think that being a weatherperson would be a difficult job? Why or why not?February 6 - Theme: Monopoly First SoldWhat is your favorite board game? Explain why you like it.February 7 - Theme: Charles Dickens BirthdayIn the past, individuals who did not have the money to pay their bills were thrown in debtors prison, a theme which is key in many of Charles Dickens novels. Do you think that this is an appropriate punishment for not being able to pay off your bills? Why or why not?February 8 - Theme: Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts (Officially Boy Scout Day)Were or are you a boy or girl scout? If so, what did you think of your experiences as a scout? If not, do you wish that you had participated in the scouts? Why or why not?February 9 - Theme: Chocolate (Founding of Hersheys Chocolate)Describe your favorite candy bar. You can choose to do this as prose or as poetry.February 10 - Theme: Chinese New YearIn the western calendar, a leap day happens every four years. However, in the Chinese calendar, a leap month happens about every three years. Come up with a nd explain at least three issues that might arise if the west decided to use this calendar instead of the one that is currently use.February 11 - Theme: National Inventors DayHave you ever come up with an idea for an invention? If so, describe it. If not, what do you think is the best invention of the 20th century.February 12 - Theme: Abraham Lincolns BirthdayAbraham Lincoln said, Most folks are as happy as they make up their minds to be. What do you think he meant by that quote? Do you think its true?February 13 - Theme: International Friendship MonthDo you have any friends that live in another country? If so, explain how you became friends. If not, if you were to become a penpal with someone from a foreign country, which country would you choose? Why?February 14 - Theme: Valentines DayWho do you care about the most? Why do you care for them so much? Explain.February 15 - Theme: Susan B. Anthonys BirthdayAt the time that womens suffrage passed, there were many women who argued agai nst giving women the right to vote. Why do you think this was?February 16 - Theme: American Heart MonthWhat do you do to lead a healthy lifestyle? What do you think you could improve on (e.g., eat better, exercise more, etc.)?February 17 - Theme: Random Acts of Kindness DayHave you ever performed a random act of kindness? If so, explain what you did and why. If not, come up with a random act that you can perform later today and explain your plan.February 18 - Theme: Pluto DiscoveredWould you ever consider going on a trip to the moon? Why or why not?February 19 - Theme: Phonograph was PatentedHow do you buy and listen to music today? How does this differ from the way your parents did it? In your opinion, how have these changes affected music and the music industry?February 20 - Theme: Responsible Pet Owners MonthDo you or does your family own a pet? If so what type of pet is it? What are the pros and cons of owning a pet?February 21 - Theme: Washington Monument DedicatedHave you ever been to Washington, D.C.? Why do you think that the nation has created monuments like the Washington Monument or the Jefferson Memorial? Do you think they are important symbols? Why or why not?February 22 - Theme: George Washingtons BirthdayThe story that George Washington could not lie when asked if he cut down a cherry tree is not true. It was written after his death. Explain why you think a biography might create a story like this when writing about someone famous who they admire.February 23 - Theme: Iwo Jima DayDo you think that you would like to join the military at some point in the future? Why or why not?February 24 - Theme: Andrew Johnsons ImpeachmentTwo presidents have been impeached: Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton. However, no president has actually been removed from office. It only takes a simple majority of the House of Representatives to be impeached (or basically found guilty of a crime). However, it takes 2/3 of the Senate to remove a president from office. Explain why you think the founding fathers made this so difficult?February 25 - Theme: Paper CurrencyWhat are the pros and cons of having paper currency instead of carrying around coins made of gold, silver, or some other precious metal?February 26 - Theme: Grand Canyon EstablishedWhy is it important for the national government to protect and manage natural treasures such as the Grand Canyon?February 27 - Theme: National Strawberry DayWhat is your favorite fruit? What do you like about it? If you do not like any fruit, explain why not.February 28 - Theme: Republican Party FoundedWhich political party do you think represents your views the most? Why do you think this is so?February 29 - Theme: Leap DayExplain how a person could logically claim that they have only had 8 birthdays when they are actually 32 years old.

Individual Differences Affecting Caffeine Intake Essays

Individual differences affecting caffeine intake. Analysis of consumption behaviours for different times of day and caffeine sources The purpose of this study was to research different personalities, and how they affect caffeine intake. Regular consumption was predicted by gender, age, nicotine use, and types of personality traits. Consistent caffeine consumption would has been known to impair sleep and enhance anxiety, and if over-consumed it becomes chronic it could cause dependency, and or worsen psychological symptoms, (Juliano et al., 2011, Ogawa and Ueki, 2007 and Rihs et al., 1996). Caffeine can, however, cause positive effects in cognitive areas: it improve alertness, decrease fatigue, enhance executions of basic tasks that require†¦show more content†¦Robust correlation analyses revealed that smoking showed medium positive associations with caffeine intake (entire day: r = .40, morning: r = .34, afternoon: r = .30, evening/night: r = .28). As concerns personality traits, in line with previous findings (Gurpegui et al., 2007, Jones and Lejuez, 2005 and Waldeck and Miller, 1997), we found that both sensation seeking and impulsivity were significantly associated to caffeine intake, people scoring high in these traits showing higher amount of caffeine consumption. Caffeine use in children: What we know, what we have left to learn, and why we should worry Caffeine is the most commonly used legal substance in the world (Nehlig, 1999). Since many caffeinated drinks are marketed directly to children (Bramstedt, 2007) and caffeine consumption is increasing among children (Frary et al., 2005), it’s necessary to learn the possible effects of caffeine intake in this age group. Within the past 30 there has been a 70% increase in caffeine consumption among teenagers and children. (Harnack et al., 1999). 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Causing immense burden on the patient and family, chronic diseases are the main cause of deaths worldwide. Improvements in diet as well as the fitness of an individual can contribute in massive proportions to the decrease in such scenarios. Studies have indicated the treat ment effectiveness of any medical condition is improvedRead MoreEssay about The Pros and Cons of Nicotine1500 Words   |  6 PagesAlzheimer’s disease to weight control . The chemical’s empirical formula, C10Hl4N2 was determined in the 1840’s, and â€Å"nicotine† was synthesized in the 1890’s. Nicotine’s systematic name is 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine. Together with caffeine and strychnine, nicotine belongs to a group of chemical compounds called pyrrolidine alkaloids. They’re bitter-tasting, often poisonous substances that are made by plants to discourage animals from eating them. Nicotine is a liquid alkaloid whichRead MoreThe Effect Of Caffeine On The Growth Of Bacteria Of The Digestive System5628 Words   |  23 PagesBiology HL How Does the Presence of Caffeine Affect the Growth of Bacteria of the Digestive System? Student Name: Bixiang (Sean) Cheng Session Number: 000537-0010 Supervisor: Ms Julie Cavell Word Count: 4000 â€Æ' Abstract Caffeine is the most widely consumed legal psychoactive drug across the world. It is widely used to ward off fatigue and increase focus. Although it is considered to be a harmless substance, and sometimes beneficial, it has been shown that caffeine has antibiotic properties against

Gender Biasness in School-Free-Samples for Students Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Gender Biasness in School. Answer: Introduction With the change of gender norms, a change in the society is taking place gradually. The families and the communities are being affected by the policies of the gender norms and its impact over the school and other institutions of the state (Hemphill, Schneider, 2013). In this scenario, a primary school teacher name Jill was quite concerned about the impact of gender norms in the schooling institutions and the ways the students of those institutions demonstrate it. Jill noticed that the gender norms are leaving negative impact on the behavior of the students (Smith Sobel, 2014; Manning Butcher, 2013). The educator also noticed that the ways the differences have been drawn between girls and boys regarding the using of book libraries and the computer rooms. Jill in the institution also observed that how students insulting a female class mate for having two parents of same gender. This was quite disrespectful for both child and her parents in this aspect (Hemphill, Schneider, 2013). By making such observations, it is important to discuss the various strategies and challenges which could address the problems of the classroom in terms of showing respect to the students and the ways children must understand and learn different skills and knowledge to make their views wider to embrace the differences (Smith Sobel, 2014). Gender norms: An issue to be addressed From the above related issue, where Jill observed some of the embracing situations where the gender gap was established in schools and educators also trying to define it in terms of dividing the activities between the boys and the girls (Carpenter, 2013; Ray, 2015). Accordingly with the change of the system of the society, the students need to understand the need by making their skills and knowledge diverse in order to understand the values and skills. In this sense, the educators are needed to play a vital role in terms of making students convinced about the ongoing situations and how they would be able to address them. Gender norms are termed as a slowly developing concept. This needs to be well explained in the classroom atmosphere to make them enlighten about the meaning of the concept and the ways they need to encourage them for the future prospects. Gender norms is an over generalized term which is considered to be only perfect if a boy or a girl tends to behave according to th e norms of the gender. Gender norms are basically based on the expectations of the society (Carpenter, 2013; London et al 2012). In this aspect, Jill also viewed the same thing where the girls are encouraged to play with toys and was pushed to the bookshelf and the boys are encouraged to learn computers. The teachers are also provoking these differences in the classroom by following the gender norms strictly. The primary teaching about the gender norms are generally started from the roots of the family. Children from their birth are presented to the world on the basis of their gender. The biasness takes a strong hold since their birth through the games, toys and also parental modeling (Dury, 2013; London et al 2012). The family teaches their children about the facts of the gender norms where the males are generally likely to incorporate them being resilient and strong. The females on the other hand, being incorporated into thinking that they are being kind and beautiful. These kings of values may hinder the opportunity and development of the childs thinking power which gradually leads to exclusion and inequality (Dury 2013). However, in the learning environment, a teachers teaching ability leaves a huge impact on the learning of the students and it also impacts the values and skills of their knowledge. After family, it is the school which comes up with suitable learning processes in order to engage the students in learning various activities and skills (Dury, 2013; Carpenter, 2013) It is the responsibility of the teachers to give support to the environment of learning which should be free from biasness in terms of implementation and teaching curriculum to the students through the mode of interactions or live examples to the classes. Therefore, the students accordingly as well able to challenge the gender inequalities look forward to give promotion to the opportunities and teachers can build an inclusive learning environment for all the students irrespective of their gender and their ability to think about the vices of the gender norms. It is actually a teacher who can build this learning environment in t he school (Dury, 2013; Carpenter, 2013). Addressing Gender gap The process or the ways in which the male and female students build the femininity and masculinity could be further divided the gender. Gender gap is regarded as vital problems in todays world where the approach made towards building the norms of education, relationship choices and also the choices based on career are subjected to the norms of the gender gap or discrimination (Legewie Diprete, 2012; Meyer, 2015). The female students are generally encouraged to take humanities or arts subject and on the other hand, the boys are being encouraged to take science and commerce as their subjects because boys have involved them into thinking critically and they have the ability to interpret thinking in a more logical manner (Winchester Browning, 2015; London et al 2012). The studies have also found that the male students from the background of the working classes have the ability to express their masculinity externally and they usually place their emphasis on their strength and powers. Ho wever these students are generally subjected to the less schooling. However, the male students having the middle class background, they are at times introvert and tend to express their behavior which is opposite of the boys who are from the rich class background (Legewie Diprete, 2012; MacNell, Driscoll Hunt, 2015). In terms of gender gap, the educators or the instructors are needed to address these kinds of disparities among the students through the practical classes properly and making them aware about the problems of the society (Legewie Diprete, 2012). Gender gap in the society is still being considered and with the roper education and understanding of the humanity by making an inclusive form of learning education for the students. Giving respect to the same sex Another most important concern about the case study is that about giving respect to the same sex couple and their families. Jill noticed that John criticized Jane for she is having two mothers. This is something serious which a school needs to take care of. With the changing of the world and the society, the thinking power of the human being is developing and this is continuously evolving with time and pace. Accordingly, a transformation mention is also coming in the views of the people (Heaphy, Smart, Einarsdottir, 2013; London et al 2012) In this respect, the school needs to come up with new education system so that the children can keep pace with the changing mode of reality in the society. The society and the family needs to teach a child about giving respect to the couple of the same gender and their family (Wilkinson Marett, 2013). An incorporation of the new curriculum needs to be done by the group of educators in order to address these problems and the students need to lear n about the changes in the community. The educator can adopt practical classes for teaching the students about how to represent them and pay respect to everyone (Heaphy, Smart, Einarsdottir, 2013).With the changes brought in the community, the relations between men and women are also being altered. It is henceforth, significant to change the ingrained belief of the people regarding the existing society and for this the students who are the backbone of a nation can develop further their scientific temper and would manage to take initiatives to change the thinking of the world (Heaphy, Smart, Einarsdottir, 2013). Role of Families Families and Parents of the students occupy an integral position in the students life. And the success of the students are depended on a more collaborative and interactive environment. Families are considered to be having a wider structure and the educators accordingly can give assistance the students in understanding the differences in the units of the family and the society (Schunk, Meece Pintrich, 2012; Barac Biyalistoc, 2012) Children start understanding the notices from their early ages. The educators by noticing these understanding of the children, both the families and the educators can come up with the strategies and guide the students to interpret these differences and also the biases in a much more suitable and healthy manner. A child needs to grow a social identity in order to get suited with the existing diversity in order to develop a good connection with others in the realm of the society (Schunk, Meece Pintrich, 2012; Barac Biyalistoc, 2012). Educators also must ta ke the responsibility in developing the language and skills of the children so that they have the capability to interpret their emotional mindset so that they can successfully address the prejudices and inequality independently. Implementation of the strategies in classroom environment The Gayby Project The Gayby project is one of the tool kits which aim for the students to welcome diverse families. This kit is specialized for the students of five to six years. The project also targets children to who are being brought up by the non- traditional families which incorporate the same sex parents, single parents and also the co parents ("Gayby Baby", 2017). The kit is helpful for the educators to develop strategies in order to give support to the childrens understanding in these particular areas by having an objective of creating an inclusive discussion in the environment of the school ("Gayby Baby", 2017). The program carries an objective for introducing children to the norms of diversities of the non- traditional family through the processing of documentary name Gayby baby. This would be later followed by the interactions, role plays and also the discussions. The kit eventually includes The worksheets of the students and also the learning plans of the teacher that a teacher needs to introduce to the classes. It also includes a number of strategies and the pedagogical based approaches for making the environment of the classroom more inclusive. The kit also provides activities related to the short videos which might increase the rational thinking of the students in the classroom ("Gayby Baby", 2017). Growing ideas outside the textbooks Texts usually by nature help the students to understand the critical perspectives of life. There are certain text books even which encourage the gender stereotyping. The text books generally convince the students about the representation of the life. It was also been researched that the children are generally sensitive to the biasness of the texts and they tend to think that the views of the educators and the books are superior to them (Branon, 2016). In this modern society, the teachers in general give the students some chance to critically evaluate their thoughts and they are also being encouraged to give their opinions outside the books. This in further gives the impetus to the thinking power of the students which in turn the students grow perspectives about the topics which are under review (Branon, 2016). The students must be given the opportunity to think beyond the outlines of the textbooks and present their dialogues to the classrooms. This in turn would give the students to enhance their knowledge and skills and also at the same time would able to think beyond the topics of their interest. The teachers can guide the students accordingly so that they can able to think and response in a more appropriate manner. Creating more safer spaces Educators in order to create a perfect learning outcome in order to address the gender bias stereotype, the spaces should be created by the educators in order to give impetus to the students to participate in the discussion and make good contributions to the ongoing discussions (Roussou, 2015). It has been pointed out that acting through the process of dialogue and waging conversations is an important key to help the students in order to develop the notions and ideas through the process of telling stories, the role playing and also critically evaluating the performances. The students must also share the similar experiences with the peers to understand the depth of the experience (Roussou, 2015). The teachers must come forward and give valuable solutions to the students so that next time they can have ideas to confront any kinds of intolerable situations. The educators must also give real life examples and the examples of many good personalities to make the students stuff with the ide as about the learning environment. Curriculum The Melbourne Declaration The Melbourne declaration looks forward to promote high quality of education to the students and to form an inclusive environment where the students from the all different backgrounds are welcomed to take lesson on an appropriate subject (Curriculum.edu.au, 2017). Irrespective of gender the students must be welcomed to the classroom based on the social religious and cultural diversities (Curriculum.edu.au, 2017). Following are the approaches and strategies that are being followed by the Melbourne Declaration and they are The declaration looks forward it makes sense of their students world and accordingly how things evolved to the ways they are. A self identity has to be created to make the students aware of their spiritual wellbeing (Curriculum.edu.au, 2017). A healthy relationship is needed to be restored with each other. The presence of knowledge, skills and the understanding values must be maintained in order to satisfy the lifestyle which should be healthy in nature. The Declaration also makes emphasis upon the importance of social, cultural and linguistic diversities of Australia. The declaration also look forward to commit into the national values of the countrys democracy, decisions should be made on the ground of equity and justice and the importance of the participation in the civic life of Australia (Curriculum.edu.au, 2017). The Australian Curriculum The objectives of the Australian curriculum and it can be applied in both the Health and Physical Education (year 1 and year 2) and the humanities, social sciences (Year 1) Health and Physical education of year 1 and 2 Making contribution to the health services to notice the differences and similarities among the groups and individuals and how they should be respected The communication should be waged for the wellbeing and health standard in order to make them feel belonging (Donnelly Wiltshire 2014). Humanities and Social Sciences (Year 1) Differences in the family structure of the students need to be recognized and how these recognitions would change or remain same with the passage of time (Donnelly Wiltshire 2014). Putting Ideas into Practice Title of the tutorial Processing the world around you Objectives To understand the vices of Gender biasness The session is designed to point out the nature of the students about the gender biasness. Guide them properly in order to understand the problems of the society. Number of participants: 20 Session A session of questions and answers must be made so that the participants can answer the questions on gender biasness. The following questions are there in the link below. https://www.playbuzz.com/jamienovack10/how-gender-biased-are-you#half After the 20 participants answered the questions and now it is possible to judge about their nature of processing the world. The participants who actively participated in this test seems to accept the biasness of the gender in the society are needed to be taken care of by providing guidelines by discussing the salient points on which they answered. The questions on the gender biasness need to be discussed thoroughly and would enable the students to learn more about the changes of the society and to deal with the problems of the changing community (Meyer, 2015). Conclusion The resources provide the analytical explanation of the understanding of the students about the gender biasness and how the resources should be implemented accordingly to guide the educators in order to teach the students properly to face the challenges of the society. Educators themselves through the modification of their self learning and with the growth of the personal development can guide students in a proper way. However, before the students start studying in the primary schools, the families also at the time play an important role to guide the students in a more proper way. The students need to develop the understanding of the principles of belonging to the family units and must also understand the diversification of the family background of the students. Through the planning of the practical classes the students would be aware about the inclusive education and through the implementation of addressing the issues of gender gap, the students must learn about giving respect to ea ch others family and also at the same time the educators would not make differences in the work between boys and girls. Additional resources for the educators Daniel Koretz on Gender and Education How expectations and attitudes effect the gender gap https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZYC_tgurX4 The Gayby Project https://thegaybyproject.com/ Teaching Tolerance Classroom Activity https://www.tolerance.org/activity/girls-can-be-plumbers References Barac, R., Bialystok, E. (2012). Bilingual effects on cognitive and linguistic development: Role of language, cultural background, and education.Child development,83(2), 413-422. Brannon, L. (2016).Gender: psychological perspectives. Taylor Francis. Carpenter, R. C. (2013).'Innocent Women and Children': Gender, Norms and the Protection of Civilians. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Curriculum.edu.au. (2017). Retrieved 7 August 2017, from https://www.curriculum.edu.au/verve/_resources/National_Declaration_on_the_Educational_Goals_for_Young_Australians.pdf Donnelly, K., Wiltshire, K. (2014). Review of the Australian curriculum: Final report.Department of Education (Ed.). Canberra, ACT: Australian Government. Drury, K., Bukowski, W. M., Velsquez, A. M., Stella-Lopez, L. (2013). Victimization and gender identity in single-sex and mixed-sex schools: Examining contextual variations in pressure to conform to gender norms.Sex Roles,69(7-8), 442-454. Gayby Baby. (2017).Gayby Baby. Retrieved 7 August 2017, from https://thegaybyproject.com/ Heaphy, B., Smart, C., Einarsdottir, A. (2013).Same sex marriages: new generations, new relationships. Springer. Hemphill, S. A., Schneider, S. (2013). Excluding students from school: A re-examination from a childrens rights perspective.The International Journal of Children's Rights,21(1), 88-96. Legewie, J., DiPrete, T. A. (2012). School context and the gender gap in educational achievement.American Sociological Review,77(3), 463-485. London, B., Downey, G., Romero-Canyas, R., Rattan, A., Tyson, D. (2012). Gender-based rejection sensitivity and academic self-silencing in women.Journal of personality and social psychology,102(5), 961. MacNell, L., Driscoll, A., Hunt, A. N. (2015). Whats in a name: exposing gender bias in student ratings of teaching.Innovative Higher Education,40(4), 291-303. Manning, M. L., Bucher, K. T. (2013).Classroom management: Models, applications, and cases. Pearson. Meyer, E. J. (2015).Gender, bullying, and harassment: Strategies to end sexism and homophobia in schools. Teachers College Press. Ray, B. D. (2015). Research Facts on Homeschooling.National Home Education Research Institute. Rousso, H. (2015). Education for All: a gender and disability perspective. Schunk, D. H., Meece, J. R., Pintrich, P. R. (2012).Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Pearson Higher Ed. Smith, G. A., Sobel, D. (2014).Place-and community-based education in schools. Routledge. Wilkinson, L. C., Marrett, C. B. (Eds.). (2013).Gender influences in classroom interaction. Academic Press. Winchester, H. P., Browning, L. (2015). Gender equality in academia: A critical reflection.Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management,37(3), 269-281.

Stanford Prison Experiment Research Paper Example

Stanford Prison Experiment Paper The prison Experiment conducted at Stanford University in 1971 was intended to find out what would happen if average innocent people were placed in a prison environment on both sides (inmate and guard). The experiment began with a newspaper add asking for male college aged volunteers to participate in the experiment and outlined some of the things they might endure. The large number of volunteers was reduced through a series of psychological tests to find those who appeared the most stable. The researchers anticipated some psychological effects on the participants, but the results they discovered were far more intense than they had prepared for. These overwhelming effects on even the research professionals involved led to an early end to the experiment. Procedure The experiment began with an ad in the paper asking for college aged male volunteers, who would be paid fifteen dollars per day (Zimbardo, 1999). There were more than one hundred people who responded to the ad. The large number of respondents was narrowed down through a series of psychological experiments. The group was narrowed to twenty-four young men, who were determined to be mentally stable and average. The twenty-four were divided randomly into two groups by a coin toss. Half were to be prison guards and the other half was to be prison inmates. In order to set the stage for the prison to look realistic, three rooms in the basement of one of the Stanford buildings were sectioned off and the doors were replaced with doors containing bars and cell numbers. There were no windows or clocks provided to keep the prisoners from knowing the time of day (Zimbardo, 1999). We will write a custom essay sample on Stanford Prison Experiment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stanford Prison Experiment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stanford Prison Experiment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both ends of the hallway were boarded off to keep the prisoners from seeing ways to escape. The head psychologist was assigned as the prison superintendent. Other researchers participated in various capacities, but the direct supervision of the prisoners was left up to the experimental guards. A person who had spent time in prison was called in to be a consultant for treatment of the prisoners to determine how close the simulation was to a real prison setting. Methods The first day of the experiment, the people selected to be inmates were arrested from their homes by real policemen and placed in real police cars. They were taken to jail for processing and were then taken to the made-up prison. Once inside the prison the guards were given free reign within reason to treat them as prisoners. There were nine prisoners in the prison unit at all times with three on-call at their homes in case a replacement was needed. Each prisoner was strip searched and de-liced and was then given a gown with no undergarments and with an inmate number printed on it. The inmates were forced to wear hats made from panty hose to simulate shaved heads (Zimbardo, 1999). The purpose of this was to start them off with a feeling of humiliation to gain control over them. They were placed three per room and with the placement of the beds in the rooms were left little room for anything besides sitting or lying on the bed. There was a small closet designated as the solitary confinement room for the prisoners deemed as trouble makers. The restroom was down the hall, which was outside of the prison area. For this reason the prisoners were blindfolded, when they went to the restroom. Any incidents of non-compliance were met with punishments ranging from in the beginning push-ups to later much harsher punishments. At the beginning of the experiment, the guards were hesitant to be strict with them. The experiment continued with priests and lawyers coming in to interview the inmates. Results The researchers had anticipated that the prisoners and the guards would have some reactions based on their assigned roles, but the results of the actual experiment were amazing even to the people who had studied it. The people all started out to be considered relatively equal, but once they became involved in their roles personality differences became more apparent. The first day of the experiment, the inmates seemed to react in surprise to the initial treatment and complied with the directives given to them throughout the day. The second day, the prisoners began the day with a rebellion. They barricaded the guards out by placing their beds against the doors. This was met with the guards calling for reinforcements and strict punishments including using clubs to get them back under control. Following this the guards used other methods to create mistrust among the inmates to keep them from grouping together. Some of the non-compliant prisoners were placed in solitary confinement and others were forced to go without food for a period of time. The prisoners were called by their numbers instead of their names and after only a few days began addressing themselves by their numbers. This was a way of taking away their identities. After only a few days the guards and prisoners became entangled into their roles to the extent they called lawyers at the suggestion of a priest to help get them out and they went before a parole board to find out if they could get out of prison. When parole was denied some of them became seriously depressed. They had apparently forgotten they could request to leave the experiment at any time. The parents of the inmates also requested help to get their sons out of the experiment, as if they were really in prison. Some of the guards became sadistic and would use demeaning and in some cases pornographic punishments during the night when they thought the researchers were not watching. Two of the prisoners had such a strong reaction that they became distressed to the point of violent sobbing and needed medical attention. They were both released early. After the two were released, one of the on call prisoners was brought in. He did not have the opportunity to gradually become accustomed to the conditions and treatment. He went on a hunger strike shortly after becoming part of the experiment. After all attempts to get the new inmate to eat failed, he was placed in solitary for a longer period of time than anyone was supposed to be in it. The other inmates were given the choice of leaving him in solitary all night and for some special privileges, they chose to leave him in all night. The guards did eventually let him out and he was then quite distressed. The head researcher discovered he was too involved in his role as the prison superintendent, when he rearranged everything to hide the prisoners to keep them from escaping. He realized he had lost sight of the experiment and had actually become the role he was playing. When the researchers discovered how far out of control the experiment had become, they decided to end it after just six days out of the planned two week experiment. The men were all interviewed to get their views on how they were treated and what they thought had happened. Discussion Ethically the experiment would never be allowed in current society. Even prisoners are required to have some basic rights and dignified treatment. An experiment in which innocent people, even with informed consent are treated like prisoners would never be permitted. Human experimentation in any form in which there could be danger is rarely allowed. This experiment was beneficial in helping discover the effects that the prison setting could have on innocent people. It was interesting to see how the guards became involved in the roles to the point they could not separate themselves from it. They forgot that the people they were guarding were not real prisoners. The prisoners forgot their real names and became their prisoner numbers. They became depressed and to some degree almost mentally unstable. Since these people were determined to be stable before the experiment, it is easy to see how people in prison could become depressed and even suicidal if treated the way the people in the experiment were. It was enlightening to see how if people are treated poorly and stripped of their identity, they are not likely to become better people. Although this experiment could have been permanently detrimental to people’s mental health, it was beneficial to the world of psychology by providing a glimpse of what happened to people inside an institution. It showed how people were affected when their basic human rights were stripped from them.