Stanford Prison Experiment and Authority Essay

Stanford Prison Experiment and Authority Essay Stanford Prison Experiment and Authority Essay In Milgram’s article, the Peril’s of Obedience an American psychologist teacher at Yale University firml believed that humans were naturally aggressive or only under authority. He conducted an experiment where The teacher is a genuinely naà ¯ve subject who has come to the laboratory for the experiment. The learner, or victim, is actually an actor who receives no shock at all. The point of the experiment is to see how far a person will proceed in a concrete and measurable situation in having to conduct an experiment about having authority over-rule your personal beliefs. The consequences of being shocked if answered wrong was a very compelling idea personally. His theory was very logical, were humans as obedient to authority figures as they were conceived to be? Milgram was interested in researching how far people would go in obeying an instruction if it involved harming another person. Stanley Milgram was interested in how easily ordinary people could be influenced int o committing atrocities for example, Germans in WWII. The more you miss the higher the voltage you will be shocked with. The trick to the teacher was to be consistent memorize. The whole experiment was set-up for the teacher to see how far they would go in harming someone. Being obedient can cause many things, being tortured, being successful, and being taken advantage of. Most importantly with discipline comes obedience. For many people, obedience is a deeply ingrained behavior tendency, indeed a potent impulse overriding training in ethics, sympathy, and moral conduct. The reason I don't totally agree with the author is that all these people were forced somehow to continue the process. Another reason people obey is that they have a sense of obligation to their duty. This is just the whole idea of completing the job that's given to you. Some people have a fear of being perceived as brash, or rude. In general, people want to present themselves in the best way possible. If there ha dn't been an experimenter standing behind the teachers, some of them would have stopped the research. After reading this article a couple times I missed one very important thing. My first impressions on this article was that, This experiment was a target for civilians to see how much our brain can learn in memorizing words and the effects of punishment on learning. The â€Å"learner† was not the one being studied; it was the â€Å"teacher† conducting the shocks. Was it a moral obligation that they had to continue giving higher shocks, after every wrong answer? It’s having the power of authority that makes you wanting to keep going. It’s an adrenaline most of us don’t experience, having to see someone suffer and we are in utter-control. Not only did the teacher see the learner get shocked and see them twisting and jolting from the chair, they continued with the experiment. Seeing your learner â€Å"extricating himself from this plight, the subject must make a clear break with authority†. â€Å"Her behavior is the very embodiment of what I en visioned would be true for almost all subjects.† But little did you know that some of the controller’s did worry about the subjects, continuing to a point to terminate the experiment. Also take into mind that it is easier to ignore responsibility when one is only an intermediate link in a chain of actions. Paul Graham noted in his critique of P.O.B., â€Å"Stark authority was pitted against the subjects' strongest moral imperatives against hurting others, and, with the subjects' ears

Fantastic Mr Fox Quotes

'Fantastic Mr Fox' Quotes Fantastic Mr Fox is a trickster-adventure story by British author Roald Dahl. Mr. Fox is (of course) fantastic, he faces seemingly impossible odds to survive. His shenanigans become legendary as he outwits three devilish rich men in order to steal food. The book was turned into a popular movie of the same name in 2009 with George Clooney voicing the lead character. Both the book and the movie have been popular with children.   Quotes from Fantastic Mr. Fox Down in the valley, there were three farms. The owners of these farms had done well. They were rich men. They were also nasty men. All three of them were about as nasty and mean as any men you could meet.- Roald Dahl, Fantastic Mr. Fox, Ch. 1Boggis and Bunce and BeanOne fat, one short, one lean.These horrible crooksSo different in looksWere nonetheless equally mean.- Roald Dahl, Fantastic Mr. Fox, Ch. 1In the hole lived Mr. Fox and Mrs. Fox and their four small Foxes.- Roald Dahl, Fantastic Mr. Fox, Ch. 2I can smell these goons a mile away. I can smell one from the other. Boggis gives off a filthy stink of rotten chicken-skins. Bunce reeks of goose livers, and as for Bean, the fumes of apple cider hang around him like poisonous gasses.- Roald Dahl, Fantastic Mr. Fox, Ch. 3One of them shone a flashlight on the hole, and there on the ground, in the circle of light, half in and half out of the hole, lay the poor tattered blood stained remains of ... a foxs tale.- Roald Dahl, Fantastic M r. Fox, Ch. 3 It will never grow again, said Mr. Fox. I shall be tail-less for the rest of my life. He looked very glum.- Roald Dahl, Fantastic Mr. Fox, Ch. 3What we need on this job... is machines... mechanical shovels. Well have him out in five minutes with mechanical shovels.- Roald Dahl, Fantastic Mr. Fox, Ch. 5The machines were both black. They were murderous, brutal-looking monsters.- Roald Dahl, Fantastic Mr. Fox, Ch. 5I understand what youre saying, and your comments are valuable, but Im gonna ignore your advice.- Roald Dahl, Fantastic Mr. FoxBadger: The cuss you are.Mr. Fox: The cuss am I? Are you cussing with me?- Roald Dahl, Fantastic Mr. FoxI, therefore, invite you all, Mr. Fox went on, to stay here with me forever.- Roald Dahl, Fantastic Mr. FoxForever! they cried. My goodness! How marvelous! And Rabbit said to Mrs. Rabbit, My dear, just think! Were never going to be shot again in our lives!We will make, said Mr. Fox, a little underground village, with streets and houses on each side - separate houses for Badgers and Moles and Rabbits and Weasels and Foxes. And every day I will go shopping for you all. And every day we will eat like kings.- Roald Dahl, Fantastic Mr. Fox I think I have this thing where everybody has to think Im the greatest. And if they arent completely knocked out and dazzled and slightly intimidated by me, I dont feel good about myself.- Roald Dahl, Fantastic Mr. Fox

The argument in The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith depends on the Essay

The argument in The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith depends on the possibility of failure. Why is this so What implications does this have - Essay Example The wealth of nations forms the second branch of Smith's science, and its historical sweep contains part, but only a diminutive part, of such an account. Possibly a manuscript was among the objects consigned to the flames by his literary executors. We do, nevertheless, have two sets of notes recording Smith's early Lectures on Jurisprudence; these notes provide an inadequately early and imperfect indication of what his missing branch of the science might have contained. In spite of their mistakes, these notes have significantly increased our awareness of Smith's intention to communicate an integrated science. Several problems like probability of failure have been deliberated to reside in the interstices between the three branches of Smith's science. Clearly it was at one time likely to refer to the Adam Smith problem of failure as the (challenging) relationship between the wealth of nations and the Theory of Moral Sentiments. I desire to see the limitations of his branches as giving rise to interpretive uncertainties rather than problems. As far as the state goes, the fundamental uncertainty arises from the fact that parts of the wealth of nations seem to take nations for granted (especially the introduction and plan of the work), yet national boundaries form a very strong threat to social progress throughout Smith's intellectual system: to the development of material welfare at different points in the wealth of nations and to the progress of benevolence in the Theory of Moral Sentiments. The jurisprudential constituent of Smith's science was never concluded, but his early lectures on th e subject also propose that he regarded the nation state as a transitional form: one that already needed replacement in his day. Modern preoccupations with certain matters of policy have given Smith's economic analysis and associated prescriptions renewed prominence. The psychological judgments on which The Wealth of Nations is apparently based have also attracted attention and made familiar Smith's classic statement that: It is not from the generosity of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we look forward to our dinner, but from the view to their own interest. Nobody except a beggar chooses to rely mainly upon the munificence of his fellow citizens. Even a beggar does not depend upon it completely. (Wealth Of Nations I. ii. 2) Economists have interpreted this statement to mean that Smith was dealing with a restricted range of human experience in The Wealth of Nations-- what Alfred Marshall was later to describe as the study of mankind 'in the ordinary business life' ( 1956, p. 12). Looked at in this way, the suggestion that men act in a self interested manner can be seen as a hypothesis which makes the task of economic analysis more manageable. Exactly this point was made by Smith's contemporary, Sir James Steuart, when be observed: 'The principle of self-interest will serve as a general key to this enquiry; and it may, in one sense, be considered as the ruling principle of

6 - 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

6 - 7 - Essay Example Strategy is done through the application of Porter’s five force model to reduce supplier power, which enables them to price their goods at a lower price than competitors in the market. One of the factors that have also helped Wal-mart is innovation and change management. With an embracement of change through creative ideas, Wal-mart is able to stay before other competitors by continually changing their strategies to fit the market. As already mentioned, using a business model based on cost leadership has also helped Wal-mart. This strategy helps them manage their suppliers and share business risks with them, thus reducing costs and ultimately the final price faced by the customer. However, despite the market leadership enjoyed, Wal-mart has continually lost customers to its competitors who have attractive prices and better convenience. This can be related to problems of managerial capability, which can be overcome by innovation. Wal-mart needs to stop focusing a lot on meeting shareholders’ needs and instead focus more on customers’

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil Essay Example for Free

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil Essay Aim: To investigate the substances given off at different temperatures from crude oil (petroleum) mixture. Apparatus: * Fractional Distillation glassware and thermometer * Clamp stand x 2 * Conical flask * Supply of cold water * Rubber tubes x 2 * Test tube rack * Small glass test tubes x 5 * Rubber stopper x 5 * Evaporating basin * Micro Bunsen Burner and bench mat * Wooden Splint * Stopwatch * Boiling stones * Crude Oil supply Method: 1. Set up the clamps stands and the fractionating glassware as shown in the diagram. 2. Connect the rubber tubes to the two open tubes of the condenser. 3. Connect the other end of the rubber tubing to a water tap and let the other one flow into a basin. Turn on the tap. 4. Place two boiling stones into the conical flask and then pour in the crude oil into the flask. Place the flask right above the micro-burner as shown in the diagram. 5. Heat the crude oil mixture slowly. Record at which temperature one of the compounds in the mixture evaporate, and then collect it in the small test tube after it passes through the condenser. 6. Repeat step 5 until maximum temperature has been reached and/or no more compounds evaporate. 7. Test the compounds which were collected. Light them in an evaporating basin and record the time it takes to run out. Results: Data Table of Results of Hydrocarbons tested Hydrocarbon Compound Boiling Point Range (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) Colour Viscosity Pentane 36 40 Colourless Very Low Viscosity Hexane 66 69 Colourless Low Viscosity Heptane 90 94 Very slightly cloudy Viscous liquid Kerosene (Paraffin) ~ 250 Brownish black High Viscosity Conclusion: These results prove to us that firstly, crude oil being a mixture of several hydrocarbons, that the mixture provided was a simulation. Secondly, there are noticeable trends in the hydrocarbons. As the molecules gets heavier and heavier, by which I mean that we go from pentane to Hexane and so on, the viscosity of the compound increases, as well as the time taken for it to burn up completely. The boiling point also increases. These hydrocarbons belong to the first organic homologous series: Alkanes. Alkane molecules are completely saturated and each carbon atom has at least 2 hydrogen atoms attached to it. Apart from the two end carbon atoms, the other ones are attached to two other carbon atoms each. A covalent bond between a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom is strong, and a bond between two carbon atoms is also strong. It therefore takes a lot of energy to overcome this bond, and hence a higher temperature and more time is needed to break these compounds apart. The more carbon atoms an alkane possesses, the more energy is needed to break it apart. This explains the increasing boiling points, and is also one of the main reasons why hydrocarbons are used as fuels. Kerosene was the only one of the four hydrocarbons which could not be heated to its boiling point and hence the temperature recorded is the one that was given to us. It did, however, last the longest when it was burned. Therefore that result coincides with the one that was given to us. Its other properties which could be verified have given us further proof of the fact that its temperature is higher than the other hydrocarbons. Also related to the viscosity, the weight of each hydrocarbon also increased as the viscosity increased. By the time kerosene was being handled, a really wide margin of difference could be felt from pentane. Evaluation: Weakness Improvement 1 The equipment available was not enough to determine the boiling point of Kerosene Get a macro burner and heat the kerosene to its boiling point 2 The difference in viscosity between the first two hydrocarbons was hard to tell Measure the poise of the two compounds and record the difference 3 The evaporating basin in which the hydrocarbons were heated was the same all throughout Use a different evaporating basin for each compounds so that the heat from the previous test does not affect the next test 4 The main mixture provided to us was not actual crude oil, simply a simulated substitute To gather all of the compounds found in crude oil use a mixture which contains all of them kind of obvious

Violence in Richard Wright’s Black Boy Essay -- Richard Wright Black B

Violence in Richard Wright’s Black Boy Most literary works centering on adolescence do not depict it as the proverbial walk through the park; a smooth transition between the naivet6 and innocence of childhood to the morality and self -awareness of adulthood is an implausibility confined to the most basic of fairy tales and weekday morning children’s television programming. When analyzed in depth, the mat uration process of a human being is depicted almost always as some sort of struggle, retaliation against the forces of oppression regardless of their forms (including social, political or religious obstacles). More importantly, the struggle of adolescence is a struggle to understand not the workings of one’s environment so much as the complexities and definitions of one’s own identity. Body hair, voice undulations, wider hips – these popular aspects of maturation pale in comparison with the development of self-awareness: the realization that one is a unique human being with the right to su rvive and live life according to personal standards. Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson describes this delicate transitional period as a crisis of identity:It occurs in that per iod of the life cycle when each youth must forge for himself some central perspective and direction, some working unity, out of the effective remnants of his childhood and the hopes of his anticipated adulthood; he must detect some meaningful resemblance b etween what he has come to see in himself and what his sharpened awareness tels him others judge and expect him to be. In some young people, in some classes, at some periods in history, this crisis [of identity] wil be minimal; in other people, classes, and periods the crisis wil be clearly marked off as a critical pe... ...nt in the future can one possibly change his or her downtrodden situation, can mold, shape and tune their lives with al the freedom that comes from possessing an individual identity. Works Cited Elison, Ralph. Invisible Man . New York: Vintage, 1995. Erikson, Erik. Young Man Luther. New York: Norton, 1962. Howe, Irving. â€Å"Black Boys and Native Sons,† CriticalEssays on Richard Wright. ed. Yoshinobu Hakutani. Boston: G.K. Hal and C o., 1982. 39 -47. Hurston, Zora Neale. Mules and Men . New York: Harper Perennial, 1990. Kinnamon, Kenneth and Michael Fabre. â€Å"How Richard Wright Looks at Black Boy,† Conversations with Richard Wright. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1993 . 63-66. Margolies, Edward. The Art of Richard Wright. Carbondale: Southern Ilinois University Press, 1969. Wright, Richard. Black Boy . New York: Perennial Classics, 1998. Violence in Richard Wright’s Black Boy Essay -- Richard Wright Black B Violence in Richard Wright’s Black Boy Most literary works centering on adolescence do not depict it as the proverbial walk through the park; a smooth transition between the naivet6 and innocence of childhood to the morality and self -awareness of adulthood is an implausibility confined to the most basic of fairy tales and weekday morning children’s television programming. When analyzed in depth, the mat uration process of a human being is depicted almost always as some sort of struggle, retaliation against the forces of oppression regardless of their forms (including social, political or religious obstacles). More importantly, the struggle of adolescence is a struggle to understand not the workings of one’s environment so much as the complexities and definitions of one’s own identity. Body hair, voice undulations, wider hips – these popular aspects of maturation pale in comparison with the development of self-awareness: the realization that one is a unique human being with the right to su rvive and live life according to personal standards. Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson describes this delicate transitional period as a crisis of identity:It occurs in that per iod of the life cycle when each youth must forge for himself some central perspective and direction, some working unity, out of the effective remnants of his childhood and the hopes of his anticipated adulthood; he must detect some meaningful resemblance b etween what he has come to see in himself and what his sharpened awareness tels him others judge and expect him to be. In some young people, in some classes, at some periods in history, this crisis [of identity] wil be minimal; in other people, classes, and periods the crisis wil be clearly marked off as a critical pe... ...nt in the future can one possibly change his or her downtrodden situation, can mold, shape and tune their lives with al the freedom that comes from possessing an individual identity. Works Cited Elison, Ralph. Invisible Man . New York: Vintage, 1995. Erikson, Erik. Young Man Luther. New York: Norton, 1962. Howe, Irving. â€Å"Black Boys and Native Sons,† CriticalEssays on Richard Wright. ed. Yoshinobu Hakutani. Boston: G.K. Hal and C o., 1982. 39 -47. Hurston, Zora Neale. Mules and Men . New York: Harper Perennial, 1990. Kinnamon, Kenneth and Michael Fabre. â€Å"How Richard Wright Looks at Black Boy,† Conversations with Richard Wright. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1993 . 63-66. Margolies, Edward. The Art of Richard Wright. Carbondale: Southern Ilinois University Press, 1969. Wright, Richard. Black Boy . New York: Perennial Classics, 1998.

Electronic Health Records Essay

Implementing a new electronic health records (EHR) system to replace manual records is an extremely complicated task. EHRs use complex algorithms to exchange patient data among different physicians and departments such as a pharmacy and laboratory. EHRs are becoming popular because employees and patients can access records anytime and anywhere. Patient drug alerts are also part of the system to warn emergency room and intensive care nurses about potential drug reactions. A needs assessment is a systematic procedure to determine what components are required for EHR implementation to prevent failure of the highly costly investment. Although EHR systems have been shown to dramatically reduce human error, proper assessment before undergoing the implementation process is critical or errors and costs could actually increase. An EHR assessment must be completed before the software packages can be selected to ensure it is conformed perfectly to the specialized needs of the hospital. According to the California Medical Association the assessment has two steps: 1.) Readiness Assessment; and 2.) Work Flow Analysis (Ginsberg et al., n.d.). The assessment should be done by a seasoned group of engineers, physicians, lab workers, billing staff, pharmacists, and nurses to collaborate so that each department increases patient safety and efficient care. The assessment should include a web-based demonstration that allows all stakeholders to identify gaps that would hinder their job responsibilities. Once the needs assessment has been done and vendors chosen as potential suppliers, the readiness assessment should begin. One of the most important data to collect is financial resources. Are more physicians going to be  hired that will increase training costs? Can the organization truly afford the upstart investment and ongoing computer support? Space considerations are also critical to evaluate because most closets are too small for the new EHR platforms that have huge servers. High-speed internet capabilities are a must for EHR data exchange between stakeholders. Moreover, are existing medical records planned to be thinned to put the data into the new system? If so, data needs to be destroyed according to HIPP protocol to protect patient confidentiality. The work flow analysis portion of the needs assessment looks at step-by-step procedures. Examples are scheduling, diagnostic tests, and reviewing tests, prescribing medication, clinical notes, and billing data (Ginsberg et al., n.d.). Other data to be analyzed for the EHR system should be medical history forms, lists of current medications vital signs, insurance, and referrals. The flow of steps in this planning process involves network upgrades, expanding server room space, a Medicare fraud plan, selection of three EHR vendors, visiting other hospitals using the systems, negotiating, and finally select the model that is best suited to all stakeholders. A 10-year study done by the Canada Health Info way about who should be consulted during adoption of an EHR system looked at 29 key stakeholders involved in establishing policy (Rozenblum et al., 2001). They found that stakeholders should be consulted from a bottom-up, clinical needs approach first because they will be the heaviest users of the system. This means physicians, nurses, certified nursing assistants, billers, lab workers, and pharmacy employees need to have significant input into selecting what aspects are most important. The number one reason for implementation failure is inadequate involvement of line-worker clinicians (Rozenblum et al., 2001). Therefore, the informatics team must work very closely with these stakeholders. Other critical stakeholders to consult are the finance department to ensure how much funding is available. Patients are also important stakeholders because no one wants their health information linked to a huge system that is insecure and prone to hacking confidential medical records. Policy makers at the executive organizational and governmental level also have powerful sway over which EHR is chosen. Lack of  collaboration among these diverse groups can delay implementation of the system for decades. Appropriate needs assessment provides relevant feedback to upper management. This helps these higher-ups make wise decisions based on financial resources, training needs for staff, vendor choice, and whether or not EHR is even necessary (Hartzler et al, 2013). Upper management is also provided with the ability to analyze which employees should have access to the system (or what parts of the system) to complete their designated tasks. Gaps between â€Å"wants† and â€Å"needs† can also be identified so that valuable resources are analyzed in cost-benefit analysis. Training needs or additional hiring of employees can also be anticipated to prevent glitches in the system due to human error. EHR systems can increase profit margins and protect patients from human error if assessed closely prior to purchase and implementation. References Ginsberg, D. (n.d.). Successful preparation and implementation of an electronic health records system. Best Practices: A guide for improving the efficiency and quality of your practice. Retrieved December 26, 2014 at https://www.cmanet.org/files/pdf/ehr/best-practices-7.pdf. Hartzler, A. et al. (2013). Stakeholder engagement: A key component of integrating genomic information into electronic health records. Genetics in Medicine, 15, 792-801. Rozenblum, R. (2001). A qualitative study of Canada’s experience with the implementation of electronic health information technology. CMAJ, 183(5), E281-E288.

Analyzing the effectiveness and drawbacks of current Land

Most of the prevailing laws or bills regarding land acquisition, resettlement, compensation, ululation seem inadequate and sources of lot of discordance. This research proposal seeks to analyze the impact of such acts and the reasons of protest and agitations by the affected people. It also aims to find out alternative solutions for such critical issues. In this research study the stakeholders are identified along with their stakes and various literature are analyzed to suggest a methodology for further research and to propose a common ground for amicable discussion and understanding of individual interests.Keywords Land acquisition, rehabilitation, resettlement, consent, compensation, voluntary acquisition, eminent domain, replacement value, public purpose, land valuation, market pricing 4 page Problem Description The 2011 Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill , though well- intentioned, was seriously flawed. It attached an arbitrary mark-up to the historical mar ket price to determine compensation amounts.This will guarantee neither social justice nor the efficient use of resources. The Bill also place d unnecessary & strict conditions on land acquisition, like restrictions on the use of multi-cropped land and insistence on public purpose, all of which would hinder the pace of development thou promoting the interests of farmers. Many such flaws are tried to be addressed in ?The right to fair compensation and transparency in land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement act, 20131.While the process of industrialization is facing many problems that en De to be solved, the problem of land for industry and urban development is the most critical one. The fact is that people depend on land not only as title holders but also as landless laborers and share croppers, for natural resources and cultural inputs, for preservation of artisans and age old technologies, for community and family congregation. Often land is taken away without adequate co mpensation or without adequate opportunities for affected people to grow and resettle with dignity.This is inhuman and leads to all kind of contentious issues that have surfaced within the people move into cities, a trend that cannot be stopped, there has to be proper town planning and proper growth of our urban centre?a process that will increase the importance of land. 5 Page Problem Structuring Definitional Issues The experts felt that the bill does not clearly define what constitutes ‘rural' and ‘ urban' areas. This omission is bound to lead to litigation. It is essential to plug this loophole. The law still does not define or elaborate ?public purposes and again gives the State a free hand on this.Without defining the term ?urgency it makes special provisions for compensation if land is acquired under the ?urgency† provision. Also terms like ?eminent domain] (vests sovereign ownership of all land and natural resources embodied in the state, felicitating compul sory takings), ?replacement value], ?willing/unwilling seller] are ambiguous. Consent Consent' to sell?both in government and private and public-partnership projects APP)?is among the most contentious issues in land acquisition. What percentage of landowners consent is required?Should it be required from all land users (e. G. Those dependent on land like agricultural workers, wage laborers, artisans and landless peasants) or only from the land losers? Compensation The current scheme of compensation that the bill has laid down is two times the market price for urban areas and four times the market price for rural areas. These figures were arrived at without any rationale, from a ?top down approach. Affected people have no say on any aspect of the transaction?whether they want to give up he land or what would be a fair price.Institutional Support To understand the position of stakeholders and their needs in order to device a fair solutions, a three-tier institutional structure was moo ted: one for suggesting proposals, one for dialogue and another for decision-making. First one would include think-tanks or academic research organizations which use data, analyses it and make recommendations. Second one would bring 6 Page stakeholders together to deliberate on their respective positions. Finally, the last institution would be given the authority, constitutionally or organizationally, to take final decisions.Transparency would facilitate better evaluation, selection and determination of the market price for land as well as sharing of incremental gain from land development with affected people. Process efficiency implies clarity in legislation which would result in less litigation and realistic deadlines for all parties involved. On viability, there is a need to reach a common ground between the acquirer's right to profit and compensation rights. The experts held that companies acquiring land for public- private partnerships should be given limited control rights. St akeholder map Farmers / Residents Politicians MediaShare croppers Fisherman/ boatman Agricultural laborers Land acquisition for industrial/ developmental/ mining projects Tribal Environmental activists Industrialists Local population Citizens Government 71 page Specific stakeholder and Stake identification Stakeholders Farmers, Residents Stakes Lose the most, as they gives away their land, and don't get future benefits; farmers lose their basic earning activity With not enough land on their own, they need others' land for cultivation Termed as unskilled labor, their livelihood is at stake with decreased agricultural land, more so as they are mainly landless laborsTheir whole livelihood and culture exist around the region they live, as they are mostly dependent on the natural resources; more ever they normally do not have title to land, thus losing out all the benefits Without land, they can't build new plant, also without mining they have to depend upon foreign industrialists Respon sible for both growth & development with restrained inflation and preservation of environmental balance, ecology & citizens' rights Face maximum brunt of degraded environment, inflation, land scarcity Local population/ Directly impacted by industrial waste and effluence, restricted movement wrought land, absence of grazing ground/water body, increased land price Environment Worried with increased industrial waste & pollution and adverse effect on activist nature & biodiversity due to mass land acquisition for mining/industry Main source of information dissipation since internal and local information is seldom spread by industry or Gobo. Cross the county A major influence in creating public opinion on this issue, plus their vote banks can be determined by how they handle such cases 8 | Page Displaced people BOOT graph Pollution Amount Land price Industrial growth Biodiversity Job for agricultural labor Time Literature review Maturities Ghats and Apparatchiks Gosh, in an article (Octo ber, 2011) have analyzed the land laws and current situations and in their opinion the use of market price for voluntary transactions as a proxy for owners' value in forced acquisitions is measured by experts but rather a subjective quantity – it is whatever the owner deems it to be. They proposed an alternative approach allowing farmers to determine their land price, chose compensation in either cash or land and reallocate the remaining land in most efficient manner. It involves a land auction covering not only the project site but also the surrounding agricultural land.The advantages they put forward is that it is less coercive, it gives strong incentive to bid truthfully, it allows farmers to incorporate their own estimates of future land price inflation into their bids, thereby minimizing the chance of losing out compared to the neighborhood farmers. It also provides an option to leave the land remain as agricultural one incase acquisition effort fails. 9 | Page Vanish Ku mar in his June, 2011 article in PEP, has highlighted the violence in land acquisition by the government and UP government policy on this matter. According to him all episodes of agitation and demands are politicized and farmers find homeless entrapped in a situation where leaders encourage and support their agitations but do very little to tackle the problems. He considered State's role as a ?venture capitalist].He cited the UP policy as best among existing in the country. It introduced a process of negotiations in Greater Oneida with the local farmers leading to signing of a deed. The new policy makes land acquisition more profitable for the farmer defining the State as a mere facilitator. He provided scope for improvement, especially as small farmers and agricultural laborers have very little to gain in this hole procedure, but mentioned the fact that political parties have no intention to make consensus effort on this issue. Ashcan Inhaling and Edit Was (August, 2011)) mentioned the fact that often land-titles are unclear and identifying parties eligible for compensation is rendered difficult.All across the world, the state is gifted with the power to acquire land for public purpose by providing compensation to the landholders. This power directly vested in the constitution (in US, Australia and China) or, is specified in enacted legislation (in Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore). However the terms like _ public repose' are ambiguous. Countries like France, Japan, China, Mexico and India explicitly enumerate situations and projects under which land can be acquired or appropriated by the state for public use, whereas Malaysia, Brazil, US, UK and Singapore provide a more generic definition. Also the valuation and acquisition methods differ across the nations. In valuation, net income from land, original use, market value all such aspects are taken into consideration.Countries like Philippines where legal systems are not robust, land market is not well develo ped, or active reliable information in unavailable, 101 page ?replacement value (amount it would cost to replace the asset with a similar asset) technique. It is not easy to discern a set of international best practices with respect frameworks and philosophies laid down in the statutes should be treated as guidelines, incorporating flexibility into the land acquisition processes. Also they mentioned about the delaying in payment of the solarium to affected parties, which leads to dissatisfaction and consequent protests. They proposed negotiation in valuation, compensation, partnering, pool together (land pooling though farmers) many such methods.They cited the Pun example where 123 farmers pooled gather 400 acres of farmland along with a private limited company to build Magistrate city. Here the farmers continue to own the land, own shares in the company and collect dividends on these shares as well as rents from the tenants in the city (Magma, 2008). In an Editorial ? , Economic & Political Weekly] (PEP, August, 2011), the editor cited farmer agitation and state atrocities regarding land acquisition in Maharajah's. Farmers here had given land for Pun-Iambi express highway and similar projects in past, but they have grown steadily distrustful of the government's intentions due to unfulfilled promises.The state government's mishandling of the Naval farmers' agitation and the subsequent police firing causing death of three farmers was exceptionally inept. In Naval, they fear that they will no longer get water from the Pain dam which irrigates their land. Greater the fear about water meant for agriculture being diverted to industry or urban areas is also root-cause of their protests against the Sophia power project in Martial, which requires large amount of water from the Upper Ward dam. Going by the past record of most governments, people have a reason to be distrustful. Voluntarily surrender land for rejects provide no tangible benefits to them. A credible alte rnative to protect their livelihood and a proper compensation plan must be at place. 1 Page Augusta Marti (December, 2010) attempted to solve a key economic problem regarding land acquisition deals using some mathematical models incorporating the logic of an ?annuity or a ?royalty]. It has to do with the claim of the landowner over the future value of land once it is sold and put to alternative use. It also addressed to the adaptation of the so-called â€Å"Harlan† model that relies on predetermined annual payments to the farmers. His argument is that the government will tax a portion of the increased value from the buyer and redistribute it to the landowner acting as a legal taxing authority and not as a negotiator. In this case though the seller will forfeit his property right to the buyer, but will have a rightful claim on the capital gain tax.He also proposed to make this _claim paper' as traceable in market. He suggested for using a part of the taxation infrastructure at the central level for evaluating capital-gains on land and creating accounts exclusively for this purpose taking the buyer, the seller, the government and the option trader into confederacy to ensure that funds raised do not go towards other kinds of fiscal replenishments. Also one can track the transactions between the seller and the option trader. This option as a traceable instrument can satisfy the poor farmers without binding the buyers of land. Stowage Karakas (October, 2011) has seen the market exchange process acting as the main domain of mediating social relationships.He deciphered three interrelated problems with this political/policy position: absence of market for a particular land, non-availability of quantitative standard or reference to measure against Just and fair imposition, consent is not always a natural will as it has political significance beyond liberalism. According to him state must stay away from creating political condition to receive individual consent, rather it should accept the limitations of law and policy in resolving certain contentious issues, and remain open to contingency, by conferring priority to the democratic values of disagreement, dissent and 121 page plurality of modes of existence, only then it will learn to withdraw from prior commitment to any particular rationality and ideology. Ram Sings (May, 2012) has focused on laws that govern the acquisition and transfer f agricultural land for other purposes.He cited the history of eminent domain in India as unmitigated abuses of the law, which remains archaic and ambiguous. Also the callous approach taken by land acquisition collectors (LAG) to determine compensation is a point of discordant. In current situation lot of institutional hurdles like change-in-land-use (CLUB) clearance from the state government, other regulatory clearances from local authorities are there that thwart voluntary transactions. He argued that this is the reason the project developers are better- off bribing the powers that get them to acquire the needed land. He also mentioned poor land records and high transaction cost of individual land transfer.He suggested collective bargaining with the owners or their representatives, cost of compensation be paid by the entity benefiting from the acquisition, initial compensation itself should be determined in light of all of the relevant information, such as type of land, its future value, records of the sale deeds etc. He also argued for the reduction of compulsory acquisition. Colic Gonzales (August, 2010) has indicated the states' prerogative in becoming an estate agent of the companies for acquiring land for them. He analyzed land acts and the outcomes in chronological phases. According to him the Judiciary appears to have misread the mood in the country, providing _ public interest' the widest possible scope. Instead of mass protest, superior Judiciary remained unmoved, stuck to their notions of development unresponsive to the di stress of farmers, tenants and agricultural laborers.According to him, the way forward for Judiciary is to hold that irrespective of the contribution by government, all acquisitions for companies must follow Part VII of the Land Acquisition Act (ALA), which is 131 page acquisition for a company. This is understandable since State governments have come under total corporate control that their first priority is to spend large sums of state funds to assist corporations in the acquisition of lands using the Act. Cantata Lair-Duty, Radii Krishna, Ensnare Mad (February, 2012) in an article in owned companies for resource extraction in Shorthand and sighted that cosmetic changes in mineral governance laws are inadequate to protect the interests of the poor.Granting of mining blocks to private companies for ?captive] coal mining has thoroughly neglected the rights of the tribal. The state equates coal with national placement, energy security and hence strategic sovereignty to avoid the mora l quandary. By virtue of Coal Bearing Areas (Acquisition and Development) Act (CUBA), coal mining generally supersedes the community rights. Thus states change to ?broker states from the old developmental state. Coercion by both company representatives and state agencies is a characteristic of land acquisition in Shorthand. Apart from changes in land-use pattern and the creation of wastelands, mining causes large number of physical and occupational displacement, a fact that state seldom document correctly or address.Environment impact assessment (EIA) remains a toothless safeguard, not documenting possible impacts on local water availability nor assessing the ground-level impact of air pollution on surrounding communities and vegetation. The procedure never takes into account the tribal history, identity and livelihood entwined with the land. It has pushed many tribes into the verge of extinction. According to the authors, only a convoluted logic can equate coal mining by private co mpanies with public purpose or national interest. They asked for a new mineral extractive paradigm, one that does not inflict deep mounds on nature and people. They also asked for the consultation with gram Kasbah and consent of tribal communities for any mining project, 141 Page with the view of optimizing the level of royalties and consequent benefits to impacted communities.OSHA Rampant (November, 2011) has observed that by beginning with the premise that acquisition is inevitable and priority for industrialization, arbitration and infrastructure development, the LARK Bill 2011 has neglected the interest of the land losers. She raised question about state's legitimacy in facilitating the land rangers the way it does. She questions state's relationship with the land, whether it is a landlord, an owner, a trustee, a holder of land, a manager or what? She argued for the _affected families' who are dependent on forests or water bodies and which includes gatherers of forest produce, h unters, fisheries and boatmen and (those whose) livelihood is affected due to acquisition of land. Infant families who got land under any government scheme are also included.She also cited the effect of diluting ‘The Forest Rights Act 2006†² which helps in land acquisition through change of public repose -where acquisition is based on one purpose but it is used for another purpose. Another bill, _ The Land Titling Bill 2011' shifts the onus of keeping the records updated, even loss of acknowledgement of title to the land or interest in the land from the state to the individual. According to the author this bill is an attempt at communications of land, making it traceable in the land market. Michael Levine (March, 2011) has highlighted the controversies over Sees and large private mining projects in eastern India. According to him, the proposed amendments to the Land

The Purpose Is What Has Endured essays

The Purpose Is What Has Endured essays Today weve had a national tragedy. President George W. Bush spoke these words after a horrendous attack on America. As we watched bombs fly into steel and then explode, we waited to hear the advice and comfort our President would give to us. One hundred thirty-seven years ago, President Abraham Lincoln experienced a similar national tragedy for a duration of four years. Lincolns second inaugural address had to provide the United States of America with similar advice and comfort near the end of a civil war. After four years of this gory civil war, Lincoln was re-elected for the presidency of the United States. When he wrote his speech, Lincoln must have though about the past four years. The southern states had formed the Confederate States of America; a civil war had begun, and the nation had erupted in turmoil. He knew that the North wanted a harsh punishment for the southern states, but he also knew that this was one reason why the South did not like the North. As Lincolns pen starts to form the words, With malice toward none; with charity for all;...let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nations wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, his desire is to heal a broken land. Though he had signed Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln knew that, the issues at hand could not be solved by either emancipation or armistice (203). Lincoln had to change the hearts of his people, and as William H. Seward told the president, Be sure that while all your administrative conduct will be in harmony with Republican principals and policy, you cannot lose the Republican party by practicing in your advent to office the magnanimity of a victor. (75) He had to unify the country in one speech, and this was his only chance. Both parties deprecated war; but one of them would make war rather than let the nation su...

How to Use a Geoboard in Math

How to Use a Geoboard in Math A geoboard is a math manipulative used to support early geometric, measurement, and numeracy concepts. A geoboard is a square board with pegs to which students attach rubber bands. If geoboards arent handy, you can also use dot paper, although it doesnt make learning quite as enjoyable for the students. Geo-boards come in 5 by 5 pin arrays and in 10 by 10 pin arrays. Initially, a conversation needs to occur about the appropriate use of rubber bands when using geoboards. Those students who cant use rubber bands appropriately will use the dot paper instead. Once this is known, students tend to make good use of the geoboard rubber bands. Here are some questions for the 5th grade that has students representing figures while also developing concepts about measurement, specifically area. In order to determine if students have understanding, have them hold up their geo-boards each time theyve completed the question. 15 Questions for the Geo-board 1. Show a triangle that has an area of one square unit. 2. Show a triangle with an area of 3 square units. 3. Show a triangle with an area of 5 square units. 4. Show an equilateral triangle. 5. Show an isosceles triangle. 6. Show a scalene triangle. 7. Show a right triangle with an area of more than 2 square units. 8. Show 2 triangles that have the same shape but that are different sizes. What is the area of each? 9. Show a rectangle with a perimeter of 10 units. 10. Show the smallest square on your geoboard. 11. What is the largest square you can make on your geoboard? 12. Show a square with 5 square units. 13. Show a square with 10 square units. 14. Make a rectangle with an area of 6 and state what the perimeter is. 15. Make a hexagon and determine the perimeter. These questions can be modified to meet learners at various grades. When introducing the geoboard, begin with an exploring type of activity. As the comfort level increases when working with geoboards, it is useful to have students begin transferring their figures/shapes to dot paper. To extend some of the questions above, you can also include concepts like which figures are congruent, which figures have 1 or more lines of symmetry. Questions like this should be followed up with, How do you know? which requires students to explain their thinking. The geoboard is just one of many math manipulatives that can be used in math to support understanding of a concept. Math manipulatives help teach concepts in a concrete method which is preferred before attempting the symbolic format.

The CAtcher in the Rye Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The CAtcher in the Rye - Essay Example Holden, as narrator, treats the events of the book as separate from the rest of his life, not feeling it worth getting into â€Å"all that David Copperfield kind of crap† (1). He is attempting to treat his life separate from his psychological condition; however, without intending to do so, he illustrates how very connected it really is. Without the brief bits of information we receive about his younger brother Allie, it would be difficult to understand the events of the book and Holden’s motivations. Through a psychological examination of Holden’s breakdown, we can see that many of the attitudes expressed by Holden and his irrational behavior can all be traced back to the death of his younger brother when he was thirteen. It is significant that the traumatic death of Holden’s brother Allie took place at thirteen. This is the age that is generally considered the be the end of childhood and the beginning of the teenager years. This is often a difficult time for people as they are beginning to experience sexuality and find that the world is not what they were led to believe when they were children. James Bryan states that Holden â€Å"is hypersensitive to the exploitations and insensitivity of the post-pubescent world and to the fragile innocence of children† (1065). He is forced to accept the unfairness of the adult world when Allie died, which he did not handle well by any means: â€Å"I was only thirteen, and they were going to have me psychoanalyzed and all, because I broke all the windows in the garage† (38-39). Unable to handle his emotions, he acts out in a destructive manner, which becomes a pattern for him for the rest of the book. His brother Allie for him represented inno cence and the way people should act: â€Å"He was always the nicest, in a lot of ways. He never got mad at anybody† (38). Allie’s death represented the adult

SWOT Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

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